C# Throw Keyword

In c#, the throw is a keyword, and it is useful to throw an exception manually during the execution of the program, and we can handle those thrown exceptions using try-catch blocks based on our requirements.

 

The throw keyword will raise only the exceptions that are derived from the Exception base class.

C# throw Keyword Syntax

Following is the syntax of raising an exception using throw keyword in c#.

 

throw e;

Here, e is an exception that is derived from the Exception class and throw keyword to throw an exception.

C# throw Exception Example

Following is the example of using throw keyword to throw NullReferenceException and handling thrown exceptions in a try-catch block in c#.

 

using System;

namespace TutlaneExamples
{
    class Program
    {
       static void Main(string[] args)
       {
          try
          {
             GetDetails();
          }
          catch (Exception ex)
          {
             Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
          }
          Console.ReadLine();
       }
       private static void GetDetails()
       {
          string name = null;
          if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name))
          {
             throw new NullReferenceException("Name is Empty");
          }
          else
          {
              Console.WriteLine("Name: " + name);
          }
       }
    }
}

If you observe the above example, the GetDetails() method will throw NullReferenceException using the throw keyword whenever the name variable value is empty or null. 

 

Here, we used a new keyword in throw statement to create an object of valid exception type, and we used a try-catch block in method caller to handle thrown exception.

 

When we execute the above example, we will get the result below.

 

Name is Empty

This is how we can throw an exception in c# using throw keyword based on our requirements.

C# Re-throw an Exception

By using throw keyword in the catch block, we can re-throw an exception that is handled in the catch block. The re-throwing an exception is useful when we want to pass an exception to the caller to handle it in a way they want.

 

Following is the example of re-throwing an exception to the caller using throw keyword with try-catch blocks in c#.

 

using System;

namespace TutlaneExamples
{
    class Program
    {
       static void Main(string[] args)
       {
          try
          {
             GetDetails();
          }
          catch (Exception ex)
          {
             Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
          }
          Console.ReadLine();
       }
       private static void GetDetails()
       {
          string name = null;
          try
          {
             if (name.Length > 0)
             {
               Console.WriteLine("Name: " + name);
             }
          }
          catch (Exception ex)
          {
            throw;
          }
       }
    }
}

If you observe the above example, in GetDetails() method, we used a throw keyword in the catch block to re-throw an exception to the caller. In the Main() method, we used a try-catch statement to handle the re-thrown exception.

 

To re-throw an exception, you need to use throw keyword without any exception parameter. If we try to re-throw an exception using an exception parameter like throw e, then the stack trace of the original exception will not be preserved, so if you want to re-throw an exception, then don’t use any exception parameter with throw keyword.

 

When you execute the above program, you will get the result below.

 

Object reference not set to an instance of an object.

This is how we can re-throw an exception to the caller using throw keyword in catch block based on our requirements. 

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